CANCER SCREENING
During a breast examination, the breast is checked for signs of breast cancer by palpation and through the use of a breast ultrasound or mammography.
The cervical examination includes a thorough diagnostic examination of the vagina and vulva through the use of colposcopy and biopsy.
Due to the fact that breast and cervical cancer are among the most common cancers affecting women, regular preventive examinations are recommended.
Colposcopy
A colposcopy is a gynecological examination method in which the cervix, vagina, and vulva are viewed using a special microscope called a colposcope. It is used to detect diseases of the cervix and to screen for cervical cancer. It is a complementary examination method to the Pap smear, which should be performed in case of suspicion. Colposcopy is usually performed when abnormal results are found on a Pap test or an HPV test or when there is a suspicion of cervical cancer.
During the examination, the doctor positions a special examination microscope in front of the vagina and unfolds the vaginal walls using a metal spatula called a speculum. The colposcope allows for a 6 to 40 times magnification of the vagina and cervix, allowing the doctor to see even the smallest tissue defects, growths, and bleeding. This enables diseases to be detected and treated early.
Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small tissue sample is removed from the body for microscopic examination. The sample can be obtained through surgery, needle aspiration, or endoscopic examination. Biopsies are performed to make a diagnosis or determine the type and severity of a disease, such as cancer. The tissue sample is then examined by a pathologist under a microscope to analyze the tissue and make a diagnosis.
On the other hand, a colposcopy is a diagnostic method used to examine the cervix using a special microscope called a colposcope. By enlarging the image, the doctor can detect even the smallest changes in the mucous membrane and can take a biopsy specifically from the affected areas. The biopsy is then used to make an accurate diagnosis. Colposcopy is primarily used for the early detection of cervical cancer.
Papillom Lesions
Papillom lesions are growths on the skin or mucous membranes caused by an infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Papillom lesions can have different shapes and can be flat or raised. Most papillom lesions are benign, but some can be precursors to cancer or cause cancer.
There are many different types of HPV that can cause different types of papillom lesions. Some HPV types cause warts on the hands and feet, while others can cause genital warts or lesions on other parts of the body. Some HPV types are also associated with the development of cancer, particularly cervical cancer, but also other types of cancer such as anal cancer, penile cancer, and throat cancer.
It is important to have papillom lesions examined by a doctor to determine if treatment is necessary. With an HPV infection, papillom lesions can be removed to prevent further spread. It is also important to protect oneself from an HPV infection through regular vaccination and safe sexual practices.