PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. It is a complex condition characterized by a range of symptoms, including irregular or absent menstrual cycles, high levels of male hormones (androgens), enlarged ovaries with many small cysts (hence the name “polycystic”), acne, hair loss, and weight gain.

The exact causes of PCOS are not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component and that insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances may play a role. Women with PCOS often have difficulty getting pregnant as they do not ovulate regularly.

Treatment for PCOS varies depending on symptoms and individual needs. It may include a combination of lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular physical activity, medication to regulate menstrual cycles or lower androgen levels, and fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

The symptoms of PCOS can vary from woman to woman and may also vary in severity. The most common symptoms include:

Menstrual problems: Women with PCOS may have irregular or absent periods.

Increased androgens: Women with PCOS often have higher than normal levels of androgens, which can lead to symptoms such as acne, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and hair loss.

Ovarian cysts: Many women with PCOS have multiple small cysts on their ovaries, which are visible on an ultrasound.

Weight gain: Women with PCOS may gain weight and have difficulty losing it.

Infertility: Women with PCOS often have difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular periods and infrequent or absent ovulation.

Insulin resistance: Women with PCOS may develop insulin resistance, which can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

It is important to note that not all women with PCOS need to have all of these symptoms and some women with PCOS may have no symptoms at all. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor.